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AVM Surgery Cost in India

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  • AVMs are congenital lesions made up of a complicated network of arteries and veins joined by one or more fistulae. With morbidity and death occurring in 30-50% and 10-15% of patients, respectively, they are most common in young adults.
  • Atherosclerosis is the process through which arteries carry blood from the heart to the brain that is rich in oxygen. Through veins, the blood that has lost its oxygen is restored to the heart and lungs.
  • If an AVM interferes with this crucial mechanism, the surrounding tissues might not get enough oxygen.
  • Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are circulatory disorders that are usually believed to originate during embryonic, foetal, or postnatal development.
  • The AVM’s abnormally twisted blood vessels have the potential to fray and burst. Although they can happen anywhere in your body, the majority of them take place in the brain and spinal cord. Brain injury, stroke, or brain haemorrhage may happen if an AVM bursts inside the brain.
  • The most common locations for AVMs are the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Anyone can experience an AVM at any time. The majority of adults with them are between the ages of 20 and 40. The age range from 40 to 50 is when symptoms are more prevalent. About equally many men and women are affected by AVMs.
  • Some people have symptoms, while others only do so after an incident like a brain bleed.
  • Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) have no known precise causes. They are rarely transmitted from one generation to the next. Once identified, a brain AVM can frequently be successfully treated, lowering or completely eliminating the risk of complications.
  • The type, size, and location of the AVM, as well as the likelihood that it will rupture, your symptoms, age, and general health, all influence the therapy options.
  • The most common locations for AVMs are the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Anyone can experience an AVM at any time. The majority of adults with them are between the ages of 20 and 40. The age range from 40 to 50 is when symptoms are more prevalent. About equally many men and women are affected by AVMs.

The Cost of Arteriovenous Malformations AVM in India

India’s costs for various therapeutic procedures range significantly from those in other developed nations.

The average AVM Surgery cost in India is 10000 USD.

AVM surgery in India is an excellent alternative due to its inexpensive cost and high success rate. The Indian rupee’s low value on the world currency market is the primary driver of the country’s low cost of healthcare, which has no impact on the quality standard of care.

The facilities used for patient care in these cutting-edge surgery centres in the most well-known cities of India are of very high calibre, and the surgery is carried out by highly skilled Indian surgeons who have received their training in the United States and the United Kingdom and are successfully treating patients from all over the world.

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Types of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)

Arteriovenous malformations of the stomach (AVM):

  • A stomach arteriovenous malformation (AVM) may be the source of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
  • It has the potential to be fatal and almost always calls for surgical intervention. Only a few cases of gastric AVM endoscopy have been documented, hence the results are questionable.

Arteriovenous malformations of the lungs (AVM):

  • Bypassing the typical pulmonary capillary bed and creating an intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt, pulmonary AVMs are abnormal vascular structures that link the pulmonary artery and vein.

Signs & Symptoms

One could or might not have symptoms that indicate an arteriovenous malformation.

15% of people with no symptoms are discovered to have AVMs. You might become aware of an AVM for the first time when it bleeds.

AVMs in the brain have the potential to cause blood vessels to rupture, which can lead to a stroke and permanent brain damage.

In nearly half of the cases, a brain bleed (haemorrhage) is the initial sign of a brain AVM.

Depending on where it is located, an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) presents with various symptoms. The initial symptoms and indications frequently appear after bleeding. In addition to bleeding, the following warning signs and symptoms could appear:

  • Over time, neurological function declines
  • Headaches
  • Feeling queasy and sick
  • Seizures
  • Loss of consciousness

Other warning signs and symptoms to watch out for are:

  • Muscle tremor.
  • The paralysis of one body part.
  • A lack of coordination may result in gait problems.
  • Difficulties completing things that demand planning.
  • Insufficiency in the feet and legs.
  • Backache.
  • Dizziness.
  • You might lose some of your field of vision, be unable to regulate your eye movements or experience swelling of the optic nerve in some areas.
  • Communication or language comprehension issues.
  • Unusual experiences include sudden pain, tingling, or numbness.
  • Memory loss or dementia
  • Hallucinations
  • Confusion

It’s advisable to seek immediate medical attention if one experiences any of the warning signs and symptoms of an AVM, including headaches, vertigo, vision issues, seizures, or changes in cognitive or neurological function.

Nowadays, a lot of AVMs are found by chance, typically following a CT scan or an MRI that was done for a reason unrelated to the AVM.

  • It’s possible to feel out of breath while working out.
  • If the AVM is in your lungs, blood comes up when you cough.
  • An abdominal pain.
  • Black stools or feces (if the AVM is in your digestive system).
  • Your arms, legs, or trunk may have lumps.
  • Pain and swelling.
  • A condition when muscles are paralyzed or weak is known as muscular weakness.

The Causes of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)

  • The majority of AVMs have unknown aetiology.
  • AVMs are present at birth even though they don’t seem to be inherited.
  • AVMs affect people of many races and sexes equally. A blood artery that has burst or clotted during foetal development may be the source of AVMs.
  • Usually, it is not connected to any other birth issues.
  • Our bodies have blood arteries that are around 100,000 miles long. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can therefore develop anywhere in the body, including the face, arms, and legs as well as in the tissues and organs of the heart, liver, lungs, genitalia, and reproductive system.
  • These AVMs are referred to as peripheral arteriovenous malformations.

Malformations of the aorta and vein are uncommon. About 1 in 100,000 persons have them.

An AVM can be born in anyone. They are mostly found in younger persons, between the ages of 20 and 40.

The Diagnosis

The diagnosis is typically made at the time of the first seizure or haemorrhage since AVMs typically go undiagnosed until the presenting episode occurs.

  • The doctor inquires about the symptoms during a consultation and does a physical examination.
  • They may listen for a bruit, which is a fast blood flow sound heard in arteries and veins when an AVM is present.

Arteriovenous malformations are diagnosed using the imaging procedures listed below:

  • (MRI) Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Digital tomography
  • Angiography through a catheter
  • Ultrasound

Brain imaging tests for suspected brain AVMs may include:

  • MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) of the brain
  • CTA, or computed tomography angiography
  • Doppler transcranial ultrasound
  • Some AVMs are only discovered after they bleed and cause symptoms, or during an imaging test for another ailment (such as trauma, vision issues, or headaches).

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Stages of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)

AVMs develop and transform over time. A scale known as the Schrödinger staging system is frequently used to organize AVMs. Every step is not completed by every AVMS.

  • Stage I: during this stage, the AVM is “quiet.” The skin over the AVM may be heated and rosy or red.
  • Stage II (expansion): The AVM grows in size. In the AVM, a pulse might be detected or audible.
  • Stage III (destruction): The AVM causes discomfort, bleeding, or ulceration in Stage III.
  • Decompensation stage IV: Heart failure develops.

The Treatment

  • The kind, size, and location of the AVM, the likelihood that it may rupture, its symptoms, age, and general health all affect the available treatments.
  • Reduced or total eradication of bleeding is the aim of treatment.
  • The risk of complications and mortality during surgery on the brain and spinal cord is very significant.
  • There are no perfect decision-making tools for every circumstance because every person and their AVM are different.
  • On the other hand, the best way to prevent serious issues is typically to get treatment for an arteriovenous malformation as soon as feasible.

The following strategies could be utilized, either alone or in combination:

Embolization:
This procedure involves inserting a catheter into an artery in the groin and guiding it to the AVM. Once inside, a substance—coils, glue-like material, or something else—is released, slowing or blocking blood flow through the AVM. This technique is employed when the AVMs are large and have substantial blood flow through them. They can be removed more swiftly and with less risk of bleeding if surgery is done soon after. If surgery is delayed, embolization may be able to decrease rupture and restrict blood flow.

Linked with surgery as a treatment.

Radiosurgery with a gamma knife:
Using highly focused radiation beams, this technique shrinks, scars, and dissolves an AVM over several years or prepares it for surgical removal.
Linked with surgery as a treatment.

AVM is removed with surgery:
AVMs are removed surgically by making a small incision close to the AVM, sealing the arteries and veins around it to stop any bleeding, and then removing the AVM. Blood is diverted towards healthy blood vessels. Surgery is a viable and the most promising option for treating this issue.

The most popular form of treatment for brain AVMs is surgery. Three surgical procedures are available to treat AVMs:

  • Removal (resection) through surgery– The surgical excision of the AVM via standard brain surgery may be advised if the brain AVM has bled or is in a region that may be easily accessible. In this procedure, the neurosurgeon temporarily removes a portion of your skull to access the AVM.
  • Vascular endoscopy– In this surgery, the doctor uses X-ray imaging to guide a long, thin tube (catheter) through blood arteries in the leg and into the brain.
  • SRS, or stereotactic radiosurgery- To eliminate the AVM, this procedure uses radiation that is carefully focused. Given that there is no incision, it is not surgery in the traditional sense.

Spetzler-Martin grade IV or V AVMs can be treated utilizing a mixed multimodal strategy that combines surgery, radiosurgery, and/or embolization. Due to the significant procedural risk, these AVMs are frequently not amenable to surgical therapy alone.

Risks of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) Surgery

AVMs are highly susceptible to bleeding. As a person matures, their AVMs can expand. During puberty, pregnancy, or following an accident or injury, they frequently get larger. An AVM patient is vulnerable to discomfort, bleeding, ulceration, and if the AVM is significant enough, heart failure.

A capillary malformation (often referred to as a “port wine stain”) or an infantile haemangioma might be mistaken for an AVM.

The surgery, like any other surgery, is based of getting the most genuine choice of surgeon, and the hospital

Complications of AVMs include:

  • Stroke
  • Numbness in part of the body
  • Problems with speech or movement
  • In children, developmental delays
  • Hydrocephalus (accumulation of spinal fluid within the brain due to pressure on the normal spinal fluid pathways)
  • Lower quality of life
  • Small risk of death from haemorrhage

Recovery

  • Whether or not the AVM bleeds into the brain affects how long the recovery from AVM surgery.
  • Following AVM surgery, the patient stays in the neuro-intensive care unit (neuro ICU) for at least one day before being transferred to the neuro nursing section.
  • To assist you in recovering following surgery, one can be recommended to a rehabilitation program.
  • The surgery successfully eliminates AVMs and the danger of bleeding in the great majority of instances.
  • The doctor may suggest what to anticipate throughout recovery and after the procedure.

Success Rate of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)

Patients who had microsurgery for arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have a five-year survival rate above 90% with fewer complications.

Following microsurgery for arteriovenous malformations (AVM), hematoma liquefaction, and other inflammatory reactions, full healing usually takes four weeks.

If the AVM can be easily removed by surgery and the advantages of doing so exceed the risks, then AVM surgery may be an alternative. In cases when an AVM has flowed into the brain, surgery may be required.

Prevention

For a person with an AVM, advanced surgical treatments for AVM repair can have a profoundly positive impact on their quality of life. Even the most difficult AVMs can be successfully repaired by our AVM surgeons with the help of state-of-the-art imaging.

AVMs occur before or soon after birth. One cannot stop them because there is no known reason.

The best strategy is to act swiftly when any of the aforementioned symptoms arise.

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Dr. Surbhi Suden

Verified By Dr. Surbhi Suden

Dr. Surbhi Suden is one of the founders of Lyfboat and a doctor with a renowned name in the Medical tourism industry. She has been working with international patients since 2008 and is a deeply committed professional with a long term vision of transforming the current healthcare scenarios.

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Dr. Surbhi Suden

Verified By Dr. Surbhi Suden

Dr. Surbhi Suden is one of the founders of Lyfboat and a doctor with a renowned name in the Medical tourism industry. She has been working with international patients since 2008 and is a deeply committed professional with a long term vision of transforming the current healthcare scenarios.
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