Stem Cell Therapy for Infertility Treatment in India

Infertility and reproductive disorders are linked to issues of physical and mental health, as well as hormonal imbalance.
Infertility rates have increased globally over the years for a variety of reasons.
Given the psychosocial implications of infertility and its impact on the lives of those affected, there has been a renewed emphasis on its treatment in recent years. Assisted reproductive technology can only solve roughly half of the cases.
Pluripotent stem cells (Pluripotent stem cells are a particularly potent type of stem cell that normally only exists during early embryonic development) have the potential to differentiate into almost any type of cell, making them a promising option for developing stem cell-based fertility treatments that could even correct genetic diseases in offspring.
These advances in reproductive biotechnology pose both challenges and opportunities for resolving infertility issues caused by a variety of unexplainable factors.

What is Stem Cell IVF Treatment?

Infertility affects approximately 8% to 12% of all couples globally. However, recent advances in medical science, particularly in the treatment of infertility, have significantly reduced the frequency of the problem.

IVF is an option for them to have a baby, and it includes many inventions and innovations. Stem cell IVF treatment is a new module that generates undifferentiated cells without complications, making it more effective than traditional procedures and has gained global attention as it can generate undifferentiated cells with no complications.

What are stem cells and how do they help?

Stem cells are essentially thought of as the body’s raw material. They can produce more functional cells under certain conditions. The newly produced cells are known as daughter cells of the parental stem cell.

In most cases, the daughter cells differentiate into specialized cells with specific functions. In rare cases, these cells can also differentiate into other stem cells. They will consequently be able to naturally produce an entirely new kind of cell.

Due to the ability of stem cells to generate entirely new types of cells, doctors now believe they are an effective alternative therapeutic agent for people suffering from infertility.

How it works:

For starters, these cells are more likely to differentiate. Using laboratory experiments, the doctor can differentiate them into embryonic, ovarian, endometrial, or mesenchymal stem cells.

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Types of stem cells

Stem cells are generally divided into several categories. Some of these are listed below:

Embryonic:

This type of stem cell typically originates from human embryos that are 3-5 days old.
A doctor can harvest them during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to treat infertility.
The fertilization procedure requires a laboratory environment rather than a woman’s body.
These cells can produce almost any type of functional cell in the body.

Non-Embryonic:

These cells typically come from a developed organ or tissue in the body.
They are also referred to as Tissue-specific stem cells or somatic or adult stem cells As a result, in the majority of cases, they help to repair the same tissue or organ that has been damaged.
For example, hematopoietic stem cells typically reside in the bone marrow and aid in the production of new WBC, RBC, and other types of blood cells.
They are also capable of treating minor bone injuries.

Induced Pluripotent:

Scientists create induced pluripotent stem cells in the laboratory.
They have greater potential and can differentiate into virtually any type of body cell.
Because of this, doctors are currently attempting to use it to treat infertility-related issues.

Who are the candidates for stem cell treatment?

It can be used on women of any age if they have no endocrinological conditions and/or if their treatment is complete and they are not currently receiving any cell killer or radiotherapy treatment.

This type of treatment is recommended in the following cases:

Oligospermia.
Impotence.
Infertility and amenorrhea.
Osteoporosis (the decrease in oestrogen levels characteristic of early menopause puts bone health at risk).
Depression or anxiety (they are associated with the risk of infertility and a decrease in the level of oestrogen).
Early loss of oestrogen can increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
Wellness procedure.
Vaginal Orgasm Shot therapy is recommended for women seeking sexual enhancement, particularly those experiencing low desire, dryness, or incontinence.
It can also help with recurrent abortions by improving endometrial receptivity.

Sources For Stem Cells

Stem cells are present throughout the human body. The same is found in the –

Amniotic fluid/ Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells
Umbilical cord/ Umbilical Cord Stem Cells
Bone marrow/ Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Allograft
Adipose tissue/ Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Tissue-Specific Stem Cells (Resident Stem Cells)

There are two main ways to obtain stem cells. One is known as ‘PRP’, or platelet-rich plasma. This is derived from the patient’s blood. Blood is collected and filtered for stem cells, which are then isolated and used in therapy.

The other option is to use bone marrow stem cells. The patient’s bone marrow is used to extract healthy stem cells.

Both the sources mentioned above are autologous, meaning they are the patient’s own. There is no risk of contamination, infection, adverse reaction, or rejection.

The Technique Utilized in Stem Cell Treatments

Several specific technologies can be used in stem cell therapy. Some of them are –

Suspension Technology: Because of their therapeutic benefits, iPSCs (Induced pluripotent stem cells) receive a lot more attention than normal cells. To obtain induced pluripotent cells from them, use suspension technology.

Inhibitor Differentiation Method: Unlike suspension technology, this method is primarily used to generate mesenchymal cells (MSCs are multipotent stem cells found in bone marrow). One can obtain them by performing this procedure on fat or bone marrow cells.

Stem Cell Treatment Procedure

Stem cells’ versatility, self-renewal, and tissue repair properties are thought to be promising for the treatment of male and female infertility, and they have been used in the study and treatment of a variety of infertility diseases.

Stem cell therapy is becoming increasingly common in the treatment of cancer, particularly blood cancer. It is usually performed during a bone marrow transplant. However, in recent years, doctors have also attempted to use it to treat infertility.

Nonetheless, the procedure or techniques used are vague. As a result, giving a detailed explanation of the same gets a little challenging. However, it may broadly be categorized as:

Stem Cell Treatment for Male Infertility: Essentially, the stem cell treatment for male infertility involves the spermatogenesis procedure. The process promotes the development of haploid spermatozoa from germ cells to testis tubules.

It begins with the mitotic division of stem cells and helps the testes produce more sperm cells than normal. This significantly increases the human sperm count.

As a result, the effect of infertility gradually decreases. If everything goes well, the couple may be able to conceive within a few years.

Causes of Male Infertility

Several factors, such as genetic mutations, infections, physical changes, hormonal imbalances, and psychological stress, directly or indirectly affect the normal development and quality of sperm, preventing men from fathering offspring.

Infection
Tumours
Celiac disease
Undescended testicles
Hormone imbalances
Defects of tubules that transport sperm
Chromosome defects
Prior surgeries
Heavy metal exposure
Radiation or X-rays
Overheating the testicles

Due to the most recent advancements in microsurgical methods and in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ICSI, an increasing number of patients with azoospermia, oligospermia (low sperm count), and poor sperm quality have obtained successful outcomes.

Stem Cell Treatment for Female Infertility: Stem cell therapy can also benefit women who are struggling with infertility. It can aid in oocyte generation and ovarian cell production. This allows them to significantly increase their overall fertility.

Furthermore, it can repair uterine tissues and aid the organ in adequately producing healthy cells. This way, women can overcome their infertility and pave the way for motherhood.

Female Infertility issue comes with a band of various other related issues:

Asherman Syndrome.
Endometrial Thinning.
Poor Ovarian Reserve.
Uterus problems: polyps, fibroids, septum, or adhesions inside the uterus cavity.
Fallopian problems.
Ovulation problems.

Causes of Female Infertility

Problems with the uterus, leading to the development of fibroids, polyps, septum, etc.
Chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases are usually caused due to bacterial infection.
Hormonal imbalance leading to poor ovarian reserves, polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Long-term use of steroid medications or birth contraceptives.
Endometrial cancer.
Other disorders of the endocrine system led to hormonal imbalances.
Intrauterine exposure to viral and/or bacterial infection.
Other environmental factors include stress, depression, etc.
Increased maternal age.

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Diagnosis in Case of Infertility Treatment Using Stem Cells

Infertility is an intricate condition that requires treatment based on the patient’s age, etiology, and other factors. Treatment must be resistant to psychological, financial, physical, and time-related challenges.

Infertility treatment ranges from pharmacological to assisted reproductive technology (ART), depending on the cause and patient characteristics.
The primary examination options for diagnosing male fertility include sperm analysis, hormonal examination, post-ejaculation urinalysis, transrectal ultrasound, specialized sperm function tests, scrotal ultrasound, genetic testing, and testicular biopsy.
Male infertility treatments include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, and sperm regeneration.
Female infertility is diagnosed using hormone and ovulation testing, and the primary treatment is medication or an ART procedure such as in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Other treatment options include supplements or antioxidants like zinc, vitamin E, and L-carnitine, which can sometimes increase the patient’s pregnancy rate.

Stem Cell as a Treatment for Infertility

Stem cell therapy can promote hormonal recovery, follicular activation, ovarian angiogenesis, and functional restoration.
Stem cells are natural healers that make up all of our tissues and organs, can transform into the cells they touch, and can divide indefinitely, regenerating and treating our entire body. Thus, it can be used to treat female infertility.
The treatment’s success rate varies with the patient’s age, disease duration, and condition. All endocrinological examinations and tests must be performed because the disease could be caused by a problem with the endocrine system.
The number of cells to be administered depends on the patient’s age and weight. The treatment is carried out with mesenchymal stem cells (derived from the patient’s adipose tissue). The patient’s treatment is decided based on their condition.
Adipose tissue is processed without modification and reduced to a micro-suspension that is immediately ready for use on tissues, promoting their repair. A 2 ml suspension can contain up to 1,300,000 living cells.
The use of a closed syringe lipoaspiration system with disposal microcannulas provides a safe and effective method of harvesting small volumes of adipose tissue and its accompanying stem cells, which are obtained by aspirating the fat of the person undergoing the treatment with a needle and syringe while placed in a laminar airflow bench. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia or light sedation.
The success rate for increasing the quality and/or number of eggs in the ovary is 72% or higher.

Results of Stem Cell Treatment in India

The treatment produced the following results:

Increase in AMH levels.
Reduction in FSH levels.
Increase in E2 levels.
Improved ovarian size.
Restoration of ovarian function.
Stimulation of follicle formation (increased AFC).
Menstrual cycle resumes.
Increase in pregnancy rates.

Points To Consider Before Speaking With A Doctor

Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions. While making the appointment, make sure to ask if there is anything one should do ahead of time.
Make a list of any symptoms one is experiencing, even if they appear to be unrelated to the reason for the appointment.
Write down important personal information, such as major stressors or recent life changes.
Find out if there is a family history of fertility issues. Having a male blood relative, such as a brother or father, who has fertility problems or other reproductive issues may provide information about the cause of the fertility problems.
Enquire from your parents if there was a condition of undescended testicles (in the case of males) or any other issues at birth or in early childhood.
Make a list of all the medications, vitamins, and supplements one is currently taking. This includes previous use of muscle-building substances, as well as any use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or other recreational drugs.
Bring the partner along. Partners may also require tests to check for any fertility issues that are preventing pregnancy.
It’s also a good idea to bring your partner along to help keep track of any instructions the doctor gives or asks questions one might not have considered.
Write down questions to ask your doctor.

Prognosis of Stem Cell Therapy in the Case of Infertility in India

Every new scientific approach requires years to develop strong, unequivocal evidence to guide practitioners. Although stem cell treatment appears to be very promising, it is still in its early stages.
The diminished ovarian reserve (infertility) problem can be treated with stem cell therapy, which uses the patient’s stem cells and has no risks or side effects.
It is suitable for all women with diminished ovarian reserve. The success rate of stem cell therapy for diminished ovarian reserve is 72% or higher.
Rather than expecting miraculous results, consider Stem Cell Treatment when nothing else works or when other options, such as surrogacy or egg donation, which are far more effective, are simply not feasible.
If nothing else, Stem Cells would provide some benefit, and there would certainly be no harm.

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