Meningioma Tumour Surgery Cost in India

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A meningioma is a tumour on the membranes lining the brain and spinal cord that is discovered inside the skull. Usually, one of the three layers of the protective membrane is where these tumours start. These membranes are referred to as meninges.
There are two types of tumours: malignant and non-cancerous. However, ninety percent of tumours grow slowly. Early detection might thus be challenging.
On the other hand, some meningiomas can proliferate and are malignant. It can spread outside of the central nervous system due to the quick increase in the number of afflicted cells.
Although it typically affects the brain, meningioma can also affect the spinal cord. Meningiomas do not initially exhibit any symptoms and do not necessitate immediate medical attention.
Serious consequences could arise, though, if the patient does not receive the treatment at the proper time. If the case is very complex, meningioma can spread and become fatal.
The average cost of meningioma surgery in India can differ based on the surgical methods employed and the hospitals in various cities.
If a meningioma is not treated, it may compress the brain and cause problems like seizures, abnormal behaviour, and trouble with memory and attention.
Although meningiomas can affect anyone at any age, they are more common in older women. Patients with meningioma may experience headaches, blurred vision, seizures, memory loss, hearing loss, nausea, and vomiting.
While the exact cause of these tumours is unknown, substantial radiation exposure is known to increase the risk of them developing.
Most meningioma treatments in India involve removing the tumour and taking precautions to prevent complications and the mass from getting too big.
Surgery is usually used to treat meningiomas; on rare occasions, radiation therapy is also used.

Symptoms of Meningioma

Symptoms and indicators of Meningioma typically develop gradually and can initially appear very subtly.

Depending on where in the brain or, in rare instances, the spine the tumour is located, there are different signs and symptoms:

Variations in vision, like blurriness or double vision.
Headaches, especially those that get worse first thing in the morning.
Ear ringing or loss of hearing.
Memory issues.
Absence of scent.
Convulsions.
You have weak arms and legs.
Language barriers.

Although the symptoms of meningioma typically appear gradually, emergency care may be necessary in certain situations. Seek immediate medical attention if the patient has:

Seizures that start suddenly.
Abrupt change in memory or vision.

Make an appointment with a doctor for those who have any persistent symptoms that are a reason to worry, such as headaches that get worse over time.

Meningiomas exhibit no outward signs or symptoms, so they are frequently discovered via imaging scans ordered for conditions that turn out to be unrelated to the tumour, like head injuries, strokes, or migraines.

Causes of Meningioma

Meningioma has no known cause. Physicians surmise that a meningioma tumour develops as a result of certain cells in your meninges going into overdrive.

It’s unclear if this is caused by hormones (which could account for why it affects women more frequently), inherited genes, the rare instance of previous radiation exposure, or other factors. The theory that mobile phone use causes meningiomas is unsupported by any evidence.

There are various risk factors for meningioma, such as:

Radiation Treatment
Female hormones
An inherited nervous system disorder
Obesity

The following are long-term side effects of a meningioma and its treatment, which frequently entails radiation therapy and surgery:

Concentration problems
Memory loss
Changes in personality
Seizures
Weakness
Sensory changes
Language difficulty

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Types of Meningioma by Grade

The growth of meningiomas is usually inward and slow. Before they’re diagnosed, they’ve frequently grown quite large. If they compress and impact adjacent brain regions, even benign meningiomas have the potential to enlarge to the point of being life-threatening.

Meningioma is classified into three grades:

Grade I, or typical: This is a slow-growing benign meningioma. These tumours account for about 80% of cases.
Grade II or atypical: A noncancerous meningioma classified as grade II or atypical grows more quickly and may be more resistant to therapy. These tumours account for about 17% of cases.
Grade III or anaplastic: Anaplastic, also known as grade III meningioma: This meningioma grows and spreads rapidly and is malignant (cancerous). These tumours account for about 1.7% of cases.

Depending on where they occur and what kind of tissue they affect, meningiomas can take many different forms. Examples of locations are as follows:

Convexity meningiomas are brain tumours that develop on the surface and may put pressure on the brain as they expand.
Intraventricular meningiomas, develop inside your brain’s ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid is carried by your ventricles (CSF).
Meningiomas in the olfactory groove are found at the base of the skull, between the nose and the brain. They develop close to the olfactory nerve, which gives you your sense of smell.
Sphenoid wing meningiomas are tumours that grow along a bone ridge behind the eyes. Additionally, there are fifteen different types of meningiomas based on the type of cell seen under a microscope.

Diagnosis of Meningioma

Diagnosing meningiomas can be challenging for several reasons. Meningiomas are slow-growing tumours that usually affect adults, so the patient and/or physician may mistake mild symptoms for signs of normal ageing.
Confusion is exacerbated by the possibility that certain symptoms associated with meningiomas could also be brought on by other illnesses. It can take years to receive the correct diagnosis due to the high rate of misdiagnosis.
Advanced imaging methods such as CT or CAT scan and MRI can be used to diagnose meningiomas. Moreover, tissue samples and tumour removal during surgery are guided by intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.
MR spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to analyse the tumour’s chemical profile as well as the type of lesions visible on the MRI.
Sometimes the only way to get a conclusive meningioma diagnosis is through a biopsy. A neurosurgeon performs a biopsy to obtain tissue for a neuropathologist to analyse.
This allows the neuropathologist to make a diagnosis, determine whether the tumour is benign or malignant, and recommend a course of treatment.

Procedure

Choosing to have meningioma surgery is a journey of empowerment, made in partnership with a committed medical team to customize the treatment plan to meet each patient’s specific needs and goals.

Meningioma Surgery

The most successful course of treatment for aggressive or symptomatic conditions is typically meningioma surgery in India.

Craniotomy: A craniotomy is a surgical procedure in which a tumour is removed by opening the skull. A bone flap, or section of bone, is removed after an incision is made in the scalp to gain access to the affected area.

The objective of the surgery is to remove the meningioma completely, along with the fibres that attach it to the coverings of the brain and bones. On the other hand, total removal carries significant risks, particularly if the tumour has penetrated nearby veins or brain tissue.

After the tumour has been adequately removed, the scalp incision will be sutured and the skull opening will be sealed by repairing and reattaching the bone flap.

Patients in whom there is a significant risk of morbidity from total tumour removal it might be best to leave some of the tumours untreated and use routine imaging tests to track their growth.

Under such circumstances, radiation therapy might be the best course of action for some patients, while the patient would be monitored over time with regular examinations and MRIs. Preoperative tumour embolization is a common procedure used on patients to ensure their safety during surgery.

Since most meningiomas are benign, patients are typically deemed surgically cured after the tumour is removed. Following surgery, patients have a high survival rate; at five years, the rate reaches 80%, and at ten and fifteen years, it exceeds 70%.

Observation

For patients who fit any of the following criteria, a prolonged period of observation may be the best course of action:

If any of the following patients meet the criteria, it might be best to observe them for a while:

Individuals with minimal symptoms and no oedema in the regions surrounding the brain.
Individuals with long-standing tumours who show little to no symptoms and whose quality of life is unaffected.
Older patients with slowly progressing symptoms.
Patients for whom receiving therapy carries a significant risk.
Patients who are offered alternative treatments but choose not to have surgery.

Radiation treatment

High-energy X-rays are used in radiation therapy to shrink tumours and kill cancer and abnormal brain cells.

Radiation therapy could be a viable option if surgery is unable to adequately treat the tumour.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (using devices like the Gamma Knife and Cyberknife)
Standard external beam radiation.

Palliative care

Palliative care aims to make you feel better during treatment by taking care of your symptoms and offering the patient and family members support. Palliative care options are numerous and frequently consist of:

Medication.
Nutritional changes.
Relaxation techniques.
Emotional and spiritual support.
Procedures to improve neurological function and quality of life.
Other therapies.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is one of several drug-based cancer treatments available for different cancer types.
Healthcare professionals typically advise chemotherapy for patients who develop recurrent or progressive meningiomas that do not respond to surgery or radiation therapy, even though chemotherapy is not frequently used to treat meningiomas.

Suggestions

There is a considerable chance that meningioma will return even with treatment. This is because the possibility of brain cell damage makes complete tumour excision impractical in many cases.

Over time, the tumour’s remaining cells may proliferate and bring the illness back. Meningioma can only be partially treated with surgery and radiation therapy.

These patients still need to follow their doctor’s advice and go back for regular exams even after they have fully recovered. This is required to monitor the growth of tumour cells during therapy which could not be eliminated.

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Cost

Like any medical procedure, the cost of meningioma surgery can vary depending on several factors, such as the surgeon’s experience, the location and reputation of the medical facility, and the treatment plan selected.

The average cost of meningioma surgery in the United States is between $30,000 and $50,000, but patients can rely on specialized medical destinations like India to provide equally competent care at a much lower cost.

The total cost of meningioma surgery can vary depending on several factors. These variables can be divided into three groups: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.

Preoperative Elements

Imaging diagnostics

Preoperative imaging tests, like CT or MRI scans, are required to assess the patient’s condition and schedule the procedure. Depending on the facility, the area, and insurance coverage, the cost of these imaging studies may change.

Lab Examinations

Preoperative blood tests such as blood typing, coagulation profile, and complete blood count are frequently necessary. Depending on the particular tests conducted and the lab fees, the cost of these tests may change.

Consultations and Assessments

Before the procedure, patients might need to see neurosurgeons, neurologists, anaesthesiologists, and other specialists. Depending on the location, insurance coverage, and healthcare provider, the cost of these consultations may change.

Intraoperative Elements

Surgeon’s Charge

The surgeon’s fee may change based on the intricacy of the surgery, their experience, location, and level of expertise. Preoperative consultations, the procedure itself, and follow-up visits after the procedure may all be included in the surgeon’s fees.

Anaesthesia

The cost of anaesthesia services includes the anaesthesiologist’s fee as well as the price of supplies, monitoring equipment, and medication. The length of the procedure and the particular anaesthetic requirements of the patient may have an impact on the anaesthesia expense.

Operating Room Costs

A major portion of the total cost is attributed to the cost of the surgical facility, which includes supplies, equipment, disposable items, and support personnel. The cost of an operating room can change depending on the hospital, the procedure’s location, and its duration.

Postoperative Factors

Hospitalization

Depending on the state of the patient and the possibility of any complications, the length of hospital stay following meningioma surgery may differ. Extended hospital stays result in higher expenses for lodging, nursing care, prescription drugs, and other associated services.

Medicines

Throughout their hospital stay and the postoperative phase, patients may need to take a variety of medications, such as antibiotics, painkillers, and medications to address any complications. Depending on the precise drugs prescribed, the dosage, the length of use, and insurance coverage, the cost of these medications may change.

Visits for Follow-Up and Rehabilitation

Patients usually need additional rehabilitation services, like physical therapy or occupational therapy, in addition to follow-up visits with the surgeon. The total cost may vary depending on the number and length of these visits and rehabilitation sessions.

Meningioma Surgery Cost Variations: The cost may vary based on the following elements:

Geographic Elements
Due to variations in local economies, provider fees, and healthcare systems, healthcare costs can differ greatly between nations and regions. Regional cost variations can be attributed to various factors, including labour costs, resource availability, and cost of living.

The components related to the Healthcare Facility:
Depending on their specialization, reputation, infrastructure, and degree of care offered, hospitals and other healthcare facilities can have different costs. In comparison to community hospitals, academic medical centres or specialized neurosurgical centres may have higher costs.

Insurance Protection
The amount of money patients must pay out-of-pocket for meningioma surgery depends on the extent of insurance coverage and reimbursement guidelines. Patients may face differing financial burdens because different insurance plans cover different percentages of the total cost.

Complications and Revisions
Complications like infections, blockages, or malfunctioning shunts may need follow-up surgeries or adjustments. The cost of meningioma surgery is increased overall by these additional procedures and treatments.

Choosing India for Meningioma Surgery

India is a popular meningioma treatment destination because of several factors that make it appealing for medical care. Here are some main explanations for why people might decide to have meningioma surgery in India:

Highly Qualified Medical Professionals: India is home to a sizable number of exceptionally qualified and experienced neurosurgeons with a focus on meningioma treatment. Reputable medical schools in India and overseas have trained and educated a large number of Indian doctors. They are qualified to make an accurate diagnosis of meningioma, suggest suitable surgical procedures, and offer complete care for the duration of the patient’s course of treatment.

Cost-Effective Treatment: The affordability of medical care in India is one of the biggest benefits for those with meningiomas. India has relatively cheaper medical costs than many other nations for surgical procedures, hospital stays, and post-operative care. Those without full health insurance or those looking to cut costs without sacrificing quality may find this affordability especially helpful.

Medical Tourism Assistance: India has developed a robust medical tourism industry that caters to international patients seeking healthcare services. Numerous Indian hospitals have specialized divisions for overseas patients that help with lodging, local transportation, visa processing, and travel planning. These services guarantee patients travelling from overseas for meningioma surgery a seamless and comfortable experience.

In a nutshell, India is a great option for meningioma treatment because of its highly qualified medical staff, cutting-edge facilities, affordability, shorter wait times, support for medical tourism, and an all-encompassing care philosophy. All of these elements work together to make India a top choice for people looking for meningioma treatment that is both economical and successful.

Possible Risks of Meningioma Surgery

A meningioma’s partial or complete removal through surgery is a complicated process that carries some risks and complications. There is always a chance of bleeding and infection with surgery. Additional potential issues consist of:

Following surgery, brain oedema may result in brain damage.
Damage to cranial nerves can impact a range of functions, including vision, facial movement, and swallowing, depending on the location of the meningioma.
Cerebral oedema, or fluid accumulation around the brain following surgery, can cause brain damage.
Accidental deterioration of healthy brain tissue, which may impair speech, vision, or thinking.

Recovery After the Surgery

The patients’ activities are going to be limited after surgery to give the body time to heal and recover. After surgery, some patients can go back to work as soon as 2-4 weeks, while others need 6–12 weeks to recover.

Avoid hard work for the first four weeks following surgery. One can exercise by going for a stroll. Four weeks following surgery, one may progressively get back to your regular exercise routine. Exhaustion or a headache are signs that you are trying to do too much too soon.

Survival Rate for Meningioma

The five-year survival rates for meningioma are as follows:

Grade I tumour: 95.7%.
Grade II tumour: 81.8%.
Grade III tumour: 46.7%.

The 10-year survival rates for meningioma are as follows:

Grade I tumour: 90%.
Grade II tumour: 69%.

The availability of new treatments has led to an increase in the 10-year survival rate for malignant (cancerous) meningiomas.

It’s critical to keep in mind that survival rates for meningiomas are estimated using statistical methods. Based on specific facts, a doctor can provide a more informed prognosis.

Meningioma prognosis (outlook)

Meningioma prognosis (outlook) is dependent on several factors, such as:

The tumour’s size.
Where the tumour is located.
Whether the tumour is cancerous or benign.
Whether surgery was able to remove the tumour entirely or in part.
Your general health and age.

One of the best indicators of prognosis for adults is their age at diagnosis. Your prognosis generally gets better the younger you are.

Surgery to remove the entire tumour is associated with better results, but depending on where the tumour is located, this may not always be feasible.

Meningiomas may recur following treatment. The degree of surgical excision has an impact on the meningioma’s recurrence rate. Lower recurrence rates are linked to total surgical removal.

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